BY DR NICKY THOMAS, WYNNUM MANLY VETERINARY HOSPITAL
Malassezia is a particular species of yeast which is commonly found on the skin and ears of dogs and cats. Overgrowth of Malassezia can occur when the environment of the ear canal changes. Inflammation of the ear canal results in increased moisture and secretions in the ear, which allow the yeast to multiply. Allergic skin disease, chronic wetting of the ears (common in dogs who like to swim) and humid environmental conditions can all lead to Malassezia overgrowth.
What are the signs?
Signs of Malassezia overgrowth include:
- Increased wax/discharge in the ear canals. This is commonly dark brown (like vegemite) but may be any colour and texture.
- Odour – often a “musty” odour may be detected.
- Head shaking or scratching ears.
- Swollen, inflamed pinna (ear flap).
- Pain.
How is it diagnosed?
Your vet will examine your pet’s ears – your pet may have red, inflamed ear canals, swelling of the ear canal wall, dark discharge and increased odour to the ear.
Cytology is required to diagnose an ear infection. Your vet will take a sample of the discharge and examine the material under a microscope. Pets may also have bacterial infections simultaneous with a Malassezia infection and correct diagnosis is important to ensure that effective treatment may be prescribed.
How is Malassezia otitis treated?
Your vet will prescribe an appropriate medicated ear treatment for your pet. This may be a twice daily, once daily or longer-acting treatment depending on the infection present, and how co-operative your pet is with having their ears handled!
Regular cleaning of the ears with an appropriate ear cleaner can help reduce wax and debris from accumulating in the ear canal and reduce the incidence of ear infections.
Severe ear infections may require ongoing preventative treatment with a medicated formula – your vet will discuss the best plan for your pet.
Treatment of underlying conditions such as allergic dermatitis will also help reduce the occurrence of ear infections.
